More than 140 passengers and crew from a Singapore Airlines flight hit by heavy turbulence that left dozens injured and one dead have finally reached Singapore on a relief flight after an emergency landing in Bangkok.
The scheduled London-Singapore flight on a Boeing 777-300ER plane diverted to Bangkok on Tuesday after the plane was buffeted by turbulence that flung passengers and crew around the cabin, slamming some into the ceiling.
A 73-year-old British passenger died of a suspected heart attack, according to an airport official, and Bangkok's Samitivej Hospital said 20 passengers were in intensive care, nine had undergone surgery and five more were awaiting surgery.
"I saw people from across the aisle going completely horizontal, hitting the ceiling and landing back down in like really awkward positions," Dzafran Azmir, a 28-year-old student onboard the flight, told Reuters after arriving in Singapore.
"People, like, getting massive gashes in the head, concussions."
Photographs from the interior of the plane showed gashes in the overhead cabin panels, oxygen masks and panels hanging from the ceiling and luggage strewn around.
A passenger said some people's heads had slammed into the lights above the seats and broken the panels.
Singapore Airlines took 131 passengers and 12 crew on the relief flight from Bangkok, which reached Singapore just before 5am (2100 GMT) Wednesday.
There were 211 passengers including many Australians, British and Singaporeans, and 18 crew onboard the original flight; injured fliers and their families remained in Bangkok.
Bangkok Suvarnabhumi airport general manager Kittipong Kittikachorn said on Tuesday seven people were critically injured.
"On behalf of Singapore Airlines, I would like to express my deepest condolences to the family and loved ones of the deceased," Singapore Airlines CEO Goh Choon Phong said in a video message.
Officers from Singapore's Transport Safety Investigation Bureau arrived in Bangkok on Tuesday night, Singapore's Transport Minister Chee Hong Tat said in a statement on Facebook.
As the incident involves a US company, Boeing, which makes the 777-300ER aircraft, the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was sending an accredited representative and four technical advisers to support the investigation, he said.
The plane encountered sudden extreme turbulence, Goh said, and the pilot then declared a medical emergency and diverted to Bangkok.
Aircraft tracking provider FlightRadar 24 said at 0749 GMT the flight encountered "a rapid change in vertical rate, consistent with a sudden turbulence event", based on flight tracking data.
"There were thunderstorms, some severe, in the area at the time," it said.
Weather forecasting service AccuWeather on Tuesday said rapidly developing, explosive thunderstorms near the flight path of Flight 321 most likely contributed to violent turbulence.
"Developing thunderstorms often have strong updrafts, a zone of upward moving air, that rises very rapidly, sometimes at more than 100 miles (161km) per hour, and can leave pilots with little time to react if it occurs directly in front of the plane," said Dan DePodwin, AccuWeather’s Senior Director of Forecasting Operations.
The sudden turbulence occurred over the Irrawaddy Basin in Myanmar, about 10 hours into the flight, Singapore Airlines said.
"It is not a rare occurrence for big thunderstorms in the Bay of Bengal," an airline pilot who regularly flies to Singapore and Southeast Asia said.
"There are always the chances of bumps."
The pilot declined to be identified because he was not authorised to speak to the media.
"We were about 30 miles (48km) off track flying around the thunderstorms two days ago on the way to Singapore," the pilot said.
Turbulence has many causes, most obviously the unstable weather patterns that trigger storms, but this flight could have been affected by clear air turbulence, which is difficult to detect.
Sara Nelson, international president of the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA, representing more than 50,000 workers at 20 airlines, said it was important for passengers to wear seatbelts whenever seated.
"It is a matter of life and death," Nelson said.
Turbulence-related airline accidents are the most common type of accident, according to a 2021 NTSB study.
From 2009 through 2018, the US agency found that turbulence accounted for more than a third of reported airline accidents and most resulted in one or more serious injuries, but no aircraft damage.
Singapore Airlines, which is widely recognised as one of the world's leading airlines and a benchmark for much of the industry, has not had any major incidents in recent years.
Its last accident resulting in casualties was a flight from Singapore to Los Angeles via Taipei, where it crashed on October 31, 2000, at the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, killing 83 of the 179 people on board.
Singapore Airlines shares were not trading on Wednesday because of a public holiday in Singapore.
